Allergy Shots vs. Antihistamines – Choosing the Right Treatment

Allergic Rhinitis, commonly known as allergies, is a common condition affecting millions of people worldwide, ranging from mild discomfort to debilitating symptoms. Allergies affect as many as 30 percent of adults and 40 percent of children in the United State according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Two treatment options frequently considered are allergy shots (immunotherapy) and antihistamines. Both aim to relieve allergy symptoms, but they work in fundamentally different ways. Here is an in-depth look at these two approaches to allergy management.

What Are Allergies?

According to Taylor J. Mabry, MD, with Hattiesburg Clinic Allergy, Asthma & Immunology – Flowood, a properly functioning immune system must do two critical jobs: defend the body against harmful agents and avoid reacting to harmless ones. When the immune system fails in either area, disease can occur. If it does not respond to harmful invaders, the result is immune deficiency, often marked by recurrent infections. When the immune system mistakenly targets harmless substances, the outcome depends on the source. If it reacts to external elements like cat dander, dust mites or pollen, it causes allergies. If it targets the body’s own tissues — such as the joints, blood or digestive tract — it leads to an autoimmune condition. Allergists and immunologists specialize in diagnosing and treating immune deficiencies and allergies, while autoimmune conditions are typically managed by specialists based on the affected organ system.

What Are Allergy Shots?

Allergy shots are a type of immunotherapy that can alleviate allergy symptoms for a longer period of time than oral medications. They are designed to reduce or even eliminate allergic reactions to specific triggers such as pollen, dust mites, mold or pet dander. Allergy shots aim to provide lasting relief by gradually desensitizing the immune system to allergens. This therapy involves injecting small, gradually increasing amounts of the allergen into the patient’s body over time. The treatment begins with a build-up phase, requiring weekly injections for three to six months. After this, the maintenance phase reduces the frequency to once every two to four weeks and typically lasts three to five years. 

The primary advantage of allergy shots is their potential for long-term symptom relief. They address the root cause of allergies rather than merely treating symptoms. This treatment is effective against a broad range of allergens and often reduces the patient’s reliance on medications like antihistamines.

Jennifer P. Olivier, MD, a physician with Hattiesburg Clinic Allergy, Asthma & Immunology – Picayune, urges patients to consider the long-lasting effects of allergy shots. “Immunotherapy requires patience and consistency, but for patients with severe allergies, the long-term relief can be well worth the effort,” Olivier states.

What Are Antihistamines?

Antihistamines are a widely used and readily accessible treatment that focuses on immediate symptom relief. These medications work by blocking histamine, a chemical released by the immune system in response to allergens. Histamine is responsible for many common allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, itching and nasal congestion. Antihistamines are available in various forms, including oral tablets, nasal sprays and topical creams, and are often divided into two categories. First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl®), are effective but can cause drowsiness. Second-generation options, like loratadine (Claritin®) and cetirizine (Zyrtec®), provide similar relief with fewer sedative effects.

The appeal of antihistamines lies in their convenience and fast-acting nature. They are widely available over the counter, making them an easy solution for occasional or mild allergy symptoms. Antihistamines are ideal for addressing sudden flare-ups because relief typically begins within 30 minutes to an hour. However, antihistamines only manage symptoms temporarily and do not tackle the underlying cause of allergies. Continuous use may be necessary to maintain relief.

Dr. Mabry reiterates the benefits of antihistamines. “Antihistamines are a reliable first line of defense against allergies,” Mabry says. “For patients with mild or sporadic allergies, antihistamines are a convenient and effective solution that can be used as needed.”

Deciding Between Allergy Shots & Antihistamines

Deciding between allergy shots and antihistamines depends on the individual’s specific needs and lifestyle. Allergy shots are an excellent option for people with severe or persistent allergies that significantly impact their quality of life. They are particularly beneficial for those who do not respond well to medications and seek a long-term solution. On the other hand, antihistamines are better suited for individuals with mild or occasional symptoms who require immediate relief without committing to an extensive treatment regimen.

Interestingly, these two treatments can complement each other. During the early stages of immunotherapy, when the body is building tolerance to allergens, antihistamines can provide temporary relief. Over time, as the effects of allergy shots take hold, the reliance on antihistamines often diminishes.

Blake R. Olmsted, MD, with Hattiesburg Clinic Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, works with patients to develop a personalized allergy treatment plan. “Patients with busy lives often prefer antihistamines for their convenience, but for those with debilitating symptoms, allergy shots are worth the investment in time,” Olmsted says. “We discuss the pros and cons of each treatment to find the right fit for each individual patient.”

Allergy Treatment at Hattiesburg Clinic

If you are dealing with uncomfortable or potentially dangerous symptoms that may be related to an allergy, the team of allergy specialists at Hattiesburg Clinic is here to help. We provide allergy testing and comprehensive treatment options for the full spectrum of allergies, offered at facilities conveniently located across our communities. At Hattiesburg Clinic, we help you find the treatment option that works best for your needs. The combined experience of our board-certified allergists and immunologists allows our team to help you breathe better and live better. 

For more information on the allergy services offered at Hattiesburg Clinic, click here.

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